ʻO ka ʻenehana hoʻokaʻawale membrane e pili ana i ka hoʻokaʻawale koho ʻana o nā hui ʻana o nā molekala me nā ʻāpana ʻāpana like ʻole i ka pae molekala i ka wā e hele ai i loko o kahi membrane semi{0}}permeable. He membrane semi-permeable, ʻike ʻia hoʻi he membrane hoʻokaʻawale a i ʻole membrane kānana, ua uhi ʻia nā paia me nā pores liʻiliʻi. Ma muli o ka nui o ka pore, hiki ke ho'oka'awale 'ia e like me: microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), reverse osmosis (RO), etc. Membrane separation ho'ohana kea-flow filtration a make-hopena kānana.
ʻO ka ʻenehana hoʻokaʻawale membrane kahi ʻenehana hou e hoʻohana ana i kahi membrane hoʻokaʻawale ma ke ʻano he kumu no ka hoʻokaʻawale, hoʻokaʻawale, a hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā mea. He ʻano kaʻawale kēia ʻenehana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka membrane semi{1}}permeable. Ma muli o ka hana maʻamau o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka membrane i ka lumi wela, mālama nā mea i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ko lākou mau waiwai kumu, mālama i ka waihoʻoluʻu kumu, ʻala, ʻono, meaʻai, a me ke ʻano o ka meaʻai, a mālama i ka hana o nā mea hana. Loaʻa iā ia ka koho kiʻekiʻe, kahi kaʻina hana maʻalahi, ka nui o nā noi, a me ka hoʻohana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, no laila hiki ke hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka hana ʻana i ka meaʻai. Ua puka mai ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka membrane i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 20 a ua piʻi koke i ka kaulana ma hope o nā makahiki 1960. ʻenehana hoʻokaʻawale membrane, me kāna mau hana o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, ka noʻonoʻo ʻana, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana, a me kona kūlana kiʻekiʻe, mālama i ka ikehu, mālama kaiapuni, molecular -level kānana, a me ka maʻalahi a maʻalahi hoʻi{10}}kaʻina kānana, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka meaʻai, lāʻau lapaʻau, biology, pale kaiapuni, ʻoihana kemika, petroleum a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. nā kula, e hoʻonui i nā pono waiwai a me ka pilikanaka a lilo i mea nui loa i ka ʻepekema hoʻokaʻawale i kēia lā.
