ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻenehana hoʻokaʻawale membrane: ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka membrane kahi hana hoʻokaʻawale maikaʻi loa a me ke kaiapuni. He kahua hoʻonaʻauao kiʻekiʻe -ʻenehana, e hōʻike ana i nā ʻano waiwai kino, kemika, a me nā mea olaola, a loaʻa nā pono he nui. ʻO nā membrane he mau mea me nā mana hoʻokaʻawale koho. ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, hoʻomaʻemaʻe, a me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o kahi hoʻonā hānai me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mana hoʻokaʻawale koho o nā membrane i kapa ʻia ʻo membrane separation. He ʻokoʻa ia mai ka kānana kuʻuna i hiki i nā membranes ke hana i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka pae mole, a ʻo kēia kaʻina hana he hana kino ʻaʻole koi i nā hoʻololi ʻāpana a i ʻole ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui.
Aia ka nui o ka pore o nā membrane ma ka laulā micrometer. Ma muli o ko lākou nui pore (a i ʻole ka ʻoki ʻana i ke kaumaha molekula), hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā membrane i nā membrane microfiltration, nā membrane ultrafiltration, nā membrane nanofiltration, a me nā membrane osmosis reverse. Ma muli o ka mea, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou i nā membrane inorganic a me nā membrane organik. ʻO nā membrane inorganic ka nui o nā membrane seramika a me nā metala, he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa kāna kānana a me ka liʻiliʻi o ke koho. Hana ʻia nā membrane organik me nā mea polymeric, e like me cellulose acetate, aromatic polyamides, polyethersulfone, a me polyfluoropolymers, etc.
